Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that produces fluids that nourish and protect sperm. Cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
Early-stage prostate cancer often has no symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:
The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but risk factors include:
Men with the following risk factors should be screened regularly:
Diagnosis typically involves:
The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate issues, including cancer.
The impact of prostate cancer treatment on fertility depends on the type of treatment. Surgery and radiation therapy may affect fertility, while hormone therapy may not. Men should discuss their fertility options with their doctor before treatment.
Active surveillance is a treatment approach that involves regular monitoring and testing, including PSA tests and biopsies, to track the progression of the cancer without immediate treatment.
Treatment options depend on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer:
A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland. There are two main types:
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. There are two main types:
While there is no sure way to prevent prostate cancer, a healthy diet and regular exercise may help reduce the risk.
The 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer is high, around 92%, due to early detection and effective treatment.
Yes, prostate cancer can recur after treatment. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments with a doctor are essential to detect any recurrences early.
Men with risk factors should get screened annually, starting at age 50. Men without risk factors should discuss screening with their doctor.
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