Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that affects the ovaries, which are the organs that produce eggs in women. It occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
Early-stage ovarian cancer often has no symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but risk factors include:
Women with the following risk factors should be screened regularly:
Diagnosis typically involves:
The CA-125 test measures the level of a protein called cancer antigen 125 in the blood. Elevated levels can indicate ovarian cancer.
The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus to prevent the cancer from spreading.
Genetic testing identifies BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which increase ovarian cancer risk. Knowing your genetic status can help guide screening and prevention decisions.
Treatment options depend on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer:
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be given orally or intravenously.
While there is no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer, birth control pills and tubal ligation may reduce the risk.
Annual screening is recommended for high-risk women, including those with a family history or genetic mutation.
Depends on the type of treatment and individual situation. Some treatments may affect fertility.
The 5-year survival rate for ovarian cancer is around 49%, depending on the stage and treatment.
Yes, ovarian cancer can recur after treatment. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments with a doctor are essential.
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